Sheet feeding apparatus



Nov. 6, 1962 .1. RuTKus', JR., ETAI. 3,062,538

SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 1. 1960 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 llllllllllllllll'ln mullllllllllll mmvm. Fla. 1 JOHN RUTKUS.JR. A

BY GORDON P. TAILLIE A TTORNEY Nov. 6, 1962 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 LMP-J I JOI J. RUTKUS, JR., ET AL SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 F/GZ INVENTOR.

JOHN RUTKUS, JR.

BY GORDON P. TAILLIE.

M M 7m ATTORNEY Nov. 6, 1962 J. RUTKUS, JR ETAL 3,052,538

SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN V EN TOR.

JOHN RUTKUS, JR. By GORDON P. TAILLIE Nov. 6, 1962 3,062,538

J. RUTKUS, JR, ET AL SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 29/-- -77 2 a/ 65 as 7.3 \7 a 62 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR GORDON P. TAILLIE ATTORNEY Nov. 6, 1962 J. RUTKUS, JR.. ETAL 3,052,533

SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVEN TOR.

JOHN RUTKUS, JR. GORDON P. TAILLIE ATTORNEY Nov. 6, 1962 J. RUTKUS, JR., ET AL 3,062,538

SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS Filed Aug. l, 1960 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS,JR.' GORDON P. TAILLIE Nev. 6, 1962 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,0

SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR. GORDON P. TAILLIE A TTORWE Y Ncv. 6, 1962 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 J. RUTKUS, JR., ET AL SHEET FEEDING APPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 flatten? rates This invention relates in general to xerographic apparatus and, in particular, to a paper guide roll for use in the sheet conveyor mechanism of a xerographic reproducing apparatus.

More specifically, the invention relates to an improved paper guide roll for use in a conveyor mechanism to permit a sheet forwarded by the conveyor mechanism to travel at a uniform lineal speed.

In the process of xerography, for example, as disclosed in either Carlson Patent 2,297,691, issued October 6, 1942, or in Carlson Patent 2,357,809, issued September 12, 1944, a xerographic plate, comprising a layer of photoconductive insulating material on a conductive backing, is given a uniform electric charge over its surface and is then exposed to the subject matter to be reproduced, usually by conventional projection techniques. This exposure discharges the plate areas in accordance with the radiation intensity which reaches them and thereby creates an electrostatic latent image on or in the plate coating.

Development of the image is effected with developer material or developers which comprise, in general, a mixture of a suitable pi mented or dyed electroscopic powder,

' hereinafter referred to as toner, and a granular carrier material, which latter functions to carry and to generate triboelectric charges on the toner. More exactly, the function of the granular material is to provide the mechanical control to the powder, or to carry the powder to an image surface and, simultaneously, to provide almost complete homogeneity of charge polarity. in the development of the image, the toner powder is brought into surface contact with the coating and is held thereon electros-tatically in a pattern corresponding to the electrostatic latent image.

Thereafter, the developed xerographic image is transferred usually by an electrostatic transfer process to a support or transfer material to Which it may be fixed by any suitable means.

Thus, in the field of xerography, an image body is developed on a xerographic plate, the image body being secured to the xerographic plate by an electrostatic force only and within the influence of this electrostatic force the image body can very easily be smeared or smudged. In the transfer process, a sheet of support material is brought into contact with the image on the xerographic plate and the image is then transferred and held electrostatically on the support material. Unlike many types of mechanical forces, the electrostatic forces binding the image body either to the xerographic plate or later to the support material are comparatively weak in preventing lateral motion of the image body away from the xerographic plate surface or from the surface of the support material.

When transfer is to be effected from a moving xerographic plate onto a support material, usually in an automatic machine, the support must be moved into contact with the xerographic plate for synchronous movement therewith during the transfer process to permit proper registered image transfer from the plate to the support material. if relative movement between the plate and support material is permitted along the areas of transfer contact, smearing or smudging of the images will occur.

One type of conveyor mechanism employed in xeroatent Q graphic reproducing apparatus for conveying sheet support material from a receiving station into transfer contact with a zerographic plate and then to a delivery station from where it is discharged from the machine, includes a pair of endless chains, or equivalents, sprockets or equivalents for supporting the chains and at least one sheet gripper connected to the chains at right angles to their path of movement, for movement through through a closed circuit from a receiving station to a delivery station. Heretofore this type of conveyor mechanism has proved satisfactory for use in a xerographic apparatus, provided the conveyor mechanism is of such a length as to permit a substantially long straight run of sheet material to and from the xerographic plate to ensure a uniform rate of travel of the sheet material. It is apparent then that the size of the conveyor mechanism of this type governs the size of the xerographic apparatus; that is, the bigger the sheet of support material conveyed by the conveyor, the longer the length of the conveyor, and therefore, the greater the outside physical dimension of the entire xerographic apparatus. Furthermore, the greater the length of travel required for a sheet of transfer material, the greater the period of time required for making a xerographic reproduction on the support material before it is fed from the machine.

It is therefore an object of this invention to improve paper guide rolls for use in endless belt type sheet conveyors to permit the overall length of a sheet conveyor to be reduced while still permitting uniform travel of a sheet material conveyed thereby.

Another object of this invention is to improve paper guide rolls to guide sheet material around a turn in a conveyor mechanism at a uniform rate of speed.

For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and further features thereof, reference is had to the following detailed description of the invention to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a right-hand perspective view of the xerographic apparatus of the invention enclosed Within a cabinet, with parts of the cabinet covering broken away to show the arrangement of the xerographic machine elements schematically;

FIG. 2 illustrates schematically a preferred embodiment of the xerographic apparatus of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a right-hand view of the xerographic apparatus of the invention with the right-hand frame plate removed;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the xerographic apparatus with parts removed for the sake of clarity so that the drive and paper conveyor components of the apparatus are clearly shown;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 55 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the xerographic drum drive coupling;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged side view of a frame extension plate and the elements attached thereon;

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the xerographic drive elements taken along the line 88 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a right-hand perspective view of the paper conveyor mechanism of the apparatus with parts broken away to show the arrangement of the various elements;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the paper guide roll and delivery roller taken along line llti1lfl of FIG. 3;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the paper guide roll taken along line l1l1 of FIG. 10;

FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate schematically the operation of the paper guide roll;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of the conveyor drive assembly taken along line 14-44 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 15 is a top view of a paper gripper;

FIG. 16 is an enlarged top view of a portion of the paper gripper of FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged rear View of the paper gripper of FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 is an enlarged sectional view of the paper gripper taken along line 18-18 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 19-19 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 20 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 2tl29 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 21 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 21-21 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 22 is an enlarged end view of the paper gripper;

FIG. 23 is a view similar to FIG. 15 showing the gripper bar of the paper gripper in an open position.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 a xerographic reproducing machine used for producing xerographic reproductions from microfilm, whether in the form of a continuous web or in the form of an individual frame mounted on a suitable apertured card. To conform to modern ofiice decor the xerographic apparatus is adapted for installation in a suitable console or cabinet.

The cabinet, generally designated 1, constructed in a conventional manner, has mounted on the left-hand side thereof a main control panel 2 for initiating operation of the machine. Positioned directly above the control panel is a viewing platen or screen 3 described hereinafter. In the embodiment disclosed, the cabinet of conventional construction, serves as a light-tight housing for the xerographic apparatus. As shown, the xerographic apparatus is positioned in the upper portion of the cabinet, the lower portion of the cabinet having a recessed inclined collecting tray 4 for finished reproductions.

As shown, in FIGS. 1 and 2, the xerographic apparatus comprises a xerographic plate including a photoconductive layer or light-receiving surface on a conductive backing and formed in the shape of a drum, generally designated by numeral 20, which is journaled in the frame to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow to cause the drum surface sequentially to pass a plurality of xerographic processing stations.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the several xerographic processing stations in the path of movement of the drum surface may be described functionally, as follows:

A charging station, at which a uniform electrostatic charge is deposited on the photoconductive layer of the xerographic drum; an exposure station, at which a light or radiation pattern of copy to be reproduced is projected onto the drum surface to dissipate the drum charge in the exposed areas thereof and thereby form a latent electrostatic image of the copy to be reproduced;

A developing station, at which a xerographic developing material including toner particles having an electrostatic charge opposite to that of the electrostatic latent image are cascaded over the drum surface, whereby the toner particles adhere to the electrostatic latent image to form a xerographic powder image in the configuration of the copy to be reproduced;

A transfer station, at which the xerographic powder image is eleetrostatically transferred from the drum surface to a transfer material or support surface; and

A drum cleaning and discharge station, at which the drum surface is first charged and then brushed to remove residual toner particles remaining thereon after image transfer, and at which the drum surface is exposed to a relatively bright light source to effect substantially complete discharge of any residual electrostatic charge remaining thereon.

A charging station is preferably located as indicated by reference character A. In general, the charging apparatus or corona charging device 21 includes a corona discharge array of one or more discharge electrodes that extend transversely across the drum surface and are energized from a high potential source and are substantially enclosed within a shielding member.

Next subsequent thereto in the path of motion of the xerographic drum is an exposure station B. This exposure station may be one of a number of types of mechanisms or members such as desirably an optical scanning or projection system or the like designed to project a line copy image onto the surface of the photoconductive xerographic drum from a suitable original. To permit the utilization of copy in the form of microfilm either in a continuous web or as individual frames mounted in suitable apertured cards, the optical projection system shown includes a projector of the type disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 46,435, filed concurrently herewith on August 1, 1960, in the name of Ruti-tus et al.

The optical scanning or projection mechanism includes a projector 22 having a movable carriage for transporting a film holder in light-projecting relation to the moving light-sensitive surface of the xerographic drum. Uniform lighting of an object, such as film 23, is provided by means of a projection lamp LMP-3, connected to a suitable electrical circuit.

A light shield 25 adapted to protect the xerographic drum from extraneous light at the exposure station is positioned adjacent to the surface of the xerographic drum. A slot aperture 26 in the light shield extends transversely to the path of movement of the light-receiving surface of the xerographic drum to permit reflected rays from the film to be directed against a limited transverse area of the light-receiving surface as it passes therebeneath. To enable the projector 22 to be mounted on the front of the machine for operator convenience, a folded optical system including an object mirror 27, and an image mirror 28, is used in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the object mirror and image mirror being mounted in the light shield. The film holder, supported by the movable carriage of the projector, is arranged for movement in a path to traverse the optical path of the lens whereby the subject image of the film is scanned in timed relation to the movement of the light-receiving surface of the xerographic drum to project a light image corresponding to the subject image onto the surface of the xerographic drum.

Adjacent to the exposure station is a developing station C in which there is positioned a developer apparatus 31 including a developer housing 32 having a lower or sump portion for accumulating developer material 33. Mounted within the developer housing is a bucket-type conveyor 34 driven by a motor MOT-5, the conveyor being used to carry the developer material previously supplied to the developer housing to the upper portion of the developer housing from where the developer material is cascaded over a hopper chute 35 onto the drum.

As the developer material cascades over the drum, toner particles of the developer material adhere electrostatically to the previously formed electrostatic latent image areas on the drum to form a visible xerographic powder image, the remaining developer material falling off the peripheral surface of the drum into the bottom of the developer housing. Toner particles consumed during the developing operation to form the xerographic powder images are replenished by a toner dispenser 36, of the type disclosed in copending Hunt application, Serial No. 776,976, filed November 28, 1958, now Patent No. 3,013,703, mounted within the developer housing and driven by motor MOT-S through a suitable drive mechanism (not shown).

It is believed that the foregoing description of the developer apparatus and toner dispenser is sufiicient for the purpose of this application since the specific details of these elements are not pertinent to subject matter of this application.

Any developing material not caught Within the developer housing as the developer material falls from the drum is caught by a pan 37 suitably positioned beneath the developer housing. As a supply of developing material accumulates in this pan it is manually removed by an operator and it may be returned to the reservoir in the developer housing.

Positioned next and adjacent to the developing station is the image transfer station D which includes suitable sheet feeding mechanism adapted to feed sheets of support or transfer material, usually paper, successively to the xerographic drum in registration with the formed xerographic powder image on the xerographic drum. In the embodiment shown, the sheet feeding mechanism includes a chain conveyor 41 carrying a pair of paper grippers 42 in a circuit between sheet receiving and sheet delivery stations, means being provided to actuate the paper grippers to cause the paper grippers to take hold of the front or leading edge of a sheet of support material 43 inserted into the machine and to hold the sheet while traveling to the delivery station and there to release the sheet for discharge from the machine.

In the embodiment shown, a sheet of transfer material fed manually by an operator to a paper gripper 42 is forwarded by the paper gripper into contact with the xerographic drum.

The transfer of the xerographic powder image from the drum surface to the support material is effected by means of a corona transfer device 44 that is located at or immediately after the point of contact between the support material and the rotating drum. The corona transfer device is substantially similar to the corona discharge device 21 that is employed at charging station A, in that it includes an array of one or more corona discharge electrodes that are energized from a suitable high potential source and extend transversely across the drum surface and are substantially enclosed within a shielding member. In operation, the electrostatic field created by the corona discharge device is effective to tack the transfer material electrostatically to the drum surface, whereby the transfer material moves synchronously with the drum while in contact therewith. Simultaneously with the tacking action, the electrostatic field is effective to attract the toner particles comprising the xerographic powder image from the drum surface and cause them to adhere electrostatically to the surface of the transfer material.

As the paper gripper is advanced by the chain conveyor it will strip the sheet of transfer material from the drum and transport it to a suitable fiXing device, such as heat fuser 45, whereat the xerographic powder images previously transferred to the sheet are permanently fixed thereto, suitable rods 46 being provided to guide the trailing edge of a sheet of support material in a path adjacent to the heat fuser. The heat fuser 45 contains suitable electrical heating elements R1, R2, and R3 connected to a source of power.

After fusing, the finished copy is discharged from the apparatus at a suitable point for collection. To accomplish this, there is provided a pair of delivery rollers 47 and &8 which receive the sheet from a paper gripper and deliver it to collecting tray 4. Since an electrostatic charge may be retained by the sheet during the transfer process a motor MOT-1 driven blower 49 is positioned to direct a flow of aeriform fluid between the collecting tray and a sheet delivered thereto, thus in effect forming an air bearing on which the sheet will slide by gravity down the inclined collecting tray 4.

The next and final station in the device is a drum cleaning station E, having positioned therein a corona precleaning device 5-1 similar to the corona charging device 21, to impose an electrostatic charge on the drum and powder adherent thereto to aid in effecting removal of the powder, a rotatable brush 52 to effect removal of the residual powder from the drum, and a source of light, such as lamp LMP4 to flood the drum surface with light to cause dissipation of any residual electrical charge remaining on the xerographic drum.

For collecting powder particles removed from the brush compass approximately two-thirds of the brush area.

For removing dust particles from the brush and dust hood, an exhaust duct 54 is arranged to cover a slot that extends transversely across the dust hood 53 and is connected to a filter bag 55 in a filter box 56. Motor-driven fan units 57, connected to the filter box, produce a flow of air through the filter box drawing air through the area surrounding the xerographic drum and the dust hood, the air entraining powder particles removed from the drum by the brush as the air flows through the dust hood. Powder particles are separated from the air as it flows through the filter bag so that only clean air reaches the motor fan unit.

Any residual electrical charge remaining on the xerographic drum is dissipated by light from a fluorescent lamp LIVE -4 mounted in a suitable lamp housing 53, a starter being provided for energizing the fluorescent lamp.

T he drum, the projection apparatus and the paper conveyor are driven at predetermined speeds relative to each other by MOT-6 through a suitable drive mechanism described hereinafter. The drum is driven continuously, while both the paper conveyor and the projection apparatus are driven intermittently.

Operation of the paper conveyor is effected by actuation of a limit switch SLS upon the insertion of a sheet of transfer material into a paper gripper, and the operation of the paper conveyor is terminated after a sheet of transfer material has been conveyed from the front of the machine to the delivery rollers when limit switch 4L8 is actuated by one of a pair of actuators 38 on the paper conveyor. As the paper conveyor is operated the other actuator 33 thereon contacts limit switches SLS and 9L5 which are used to effect the operation of the projection apparatus as described hereinafter.

The brush cleaner 52 is operated by means of a suitable motor and the developer apparatus 31 including the toner dispenser as is operated by means of a motor MOT-5, as previously described. The fan units 57 are driven by a pair of suitable motors, not shown. Heat from the projection lamp is dissipated by a suitable fan unit, not shown.

Corona Generating Device In general, the electrostatic charging of the xerographic plate in preparation for the exposure step, the electrostatic charging of the support surface to effect transfer and the charging of the xerographic plate to aid in effecting removal of residual toner particles from the xerographic plate by the cleaning apparatus are accomplished by means of corona generating devices whereby an electrostatic charge is applied to the respective surfaces.

Although any one of a number of types of corona generating devices may be used, a corona generating device of the type disclosed in Vyverberg Patent 2,836,725 is used in each instance for the corona charging device 21, the corona transfer device 44 and the corona pre-clean device 51, each being secured to suitable support elements and connected to an electrical circuit described hereinafter.

Referring now to the figures, there is shown the general arrangement of the xerographic apparatus. For supporting the components of the xerographic apparatus there is provided a frame formed by left-hand plate 5, intermediate plate 6, and right-hand plate 7 connected together and maintained rigidly in spaced parallel relation to each other by suitable tie plates, as for example, channels 3. In the preferred embodiment of the apparatus, this frame assembly is supported within the cabinet by the cabinet frame (not shown). Both the intermediate plate 6 and the right-hand plate 7 have secured thereto extensions plates 11 and 12, respectively, for a purpose described hereinafter.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 the drum 20, consisting of a cylinder ea suitably supported by end flanges at. is movably mounted between the frame plates d and 7. To removably support the drum on its right side as seen in FIG. 5, there is provided a removable stud shaft 62. suitably journaled in the right-hand plate '7 and in a bearing block 63 supported by rail 64 secured to plate 7. One end of the stud shaft 62 is also removably journaled in the bearing as positioned in the right-hand end flange of the drum, and is prevented from backing out of the drum by means of a lock screw es, threaded into the plate 7, with the head of the lock screw in interference relationship with the head of the stud shaft 62.

For supporting the other side of the drum the left-hand end flange 61 has secured therein a stud shaft 67. To support the stud shaft s7 and to permit it to be driven from a suitable power source there is provided a coupling 68 adapted to receive the protruding end of the stud shaft 67. The coupling 63 is provided with a groove 7i. on a face thereof to receive a drive pin 72 inserted therein and into the aperture on the end of the stud shaft 67. The coupling 62 is secured to a drum drive shaft 73 suitably journaled in the frame plates 6 and 5. Although the key 74 secures the coupling 63 to the drum shaft for rotation therewith, the coupling is free to move axially along the length of the shaft thereby permitting the coupling to be disengaged from the stud shaft 67 after the removal of drive pin 72; whereby this end of the drum may be dis engaged from its support for removal from the apparatus. The coupling is normally positioned for engagement with the stud shaft 67 by means of a bearing spacer 75 pivotally secured to the plate 6 by screw 76, and when in position to act as a spacer between the coupling and plate 6, one end of the bearing spacer rests on a second rail 64 attached to plate 6 whereby the bearing spacer is supported out of contact with the drum shaft 7 3.

Secured to the drum shaft for rotation therewith is a drum drive pulley 77 and an optical drive pulley 78. Axial alignment of the drum shaft and the pulleys thereon is maintained by means of a collar 81 and thrust washer 83 positioned between drum drive pulley 77 and the right side of frame plate 5, and by a retaining ring 82 positioned in a suitable groove on the left-hand end of the drum shaft, as seen in FIG. 5. The drum is driven by a main drive motor MOT-6 through a suitable drive mechanism described hereinafter.

Exposure M echanism The exposure mechanism of the xerographic copier duplicator is adapted to scan the object to be reproduced and to project an enlarged flowing image of the object onto the rotating xerographim drum in synchronization with the rotation of the xerographic drum.

Although any suitable exposure mechanism or projector may be used to expose the photoconductive surface of the drum to a radiation image of the copy to be reproduced, an optical scanning mechanism or projector 22 of the type disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 46,435, filed concurrently herewith On August 1, 1960, in the name of Rutkus et al., is used. In this type of projection apparatus the scanning of the object, which may be either microfilm frames mounted in apertures of data processing cards or roll microfilm, is accomplished by means of a movable carriage supporting the object to be reproduced which is moved relative to an optical system in synchronization with the rotation of the xerographic drum.

As shown, the optical scanning mechanism or projector 22. includes a main projector casing lit]. which can be formed as an integral part of the main frame of the apparatus or as a separate element, as shown, secured to the main frame, for supporting a lamp assembly 102, a condenser lens assembly 103, a projector lens assembly 16 in alignment with each other, and a carriage H95 movable at right angles to the axis of the projector lens assembly to permit scanning of copy carried by a suitable copy holder 211 supported by carriage 105.

The lamp assembly 162 includes a projector lamp LM?3 positioned in a conventional lamp socket (not shown) suitably supported and connected to an electrical circuit described in detail hereinafter, a conventional motor MOT-8 driven blower, not shown, being used to dissipate heat generated by the projection lamp.

The carriage 1&5 is driven by a pulley 135 connected to belt 186 to pulley 78 on drum drive shaft 73; this drive being connected to the carriage by means of a clutch mechanism, not shown, suitably controlled by an electrical circuit, not shown.

To permit an operator to View the object to be re produced on viewing screen 3, a viewing lens 264 and an object mirror 265 can be moved from an inoperative position out of alignment with the projection lens assembly to an operative position in alignment with the projection lens assembly whereby an image of the copy is projected onto an image mirror 286 to be reflected onto the viewing screen.

It is believed that the foregoing description is sufiicient for the purposes of this application to show the general operation of the xerographic reproducing apparatus. For further details concerning its specific construction, reference is made to the copending application, Serial No. 46,463, filed concurrently herewith on August 1, 1960, in the name of Hunt et al., and to portions of this specification wherein specific elements cooperating with the sheet conveyor mechanism to produce a xerographic reproduction are illustrated and described although they form no part of the instant invention.

Sheet Feed Mechanism A sheet of support material, such as paper, inserted in the machine by an operator through a receiving slot in the front thereof formed by paper guides 13 and 14 is forwarded by an endless conveyor to the xerographic drum adjacent the corona transfer device, whereat a xerographic powder image previously formed on the drum is transferred from the drum to the sheet of support material, the sheet then being forwarded by the conveyor to the heat fuser '45 and then to a set of delivery rollers which deliver the sheet of support material to the collecting tray 4.

Referring in particular to FIGS. 3, 4 and 9, the conveyor 41 includes two endless roller chains 301 which pass from sprockets 3% carried by front axle 365 over sprockets 393, on axles 3G6 and 307, which guide the chains in a path tangential to the surface of the drum, then over and around a second set of sprockets 302 on axle 308 down to drive sprockets 304 secured to drive shaft 3% and then back to the sprockets on axle 305. All of these sprockets are positioned on their respective shaft or axles to space the chains apart from each other by a distance greater than the length of the drum.

in the embodiment of the conveyor apparatus disclosed, the chains carry two paper grippers 42 equally spaced from each other along the length of the chain, the paper grippers being positioned on the chain at right angles to the path of travel of the chain for movement therewith and in a circuit between sheet-receiving and sheet-delivering stations. Means are provided to cause the paper grippers to take hold of the front edge of a sheet of transfer material at the receiving station and to hold this sheet while traveling to the delivery station and there to release the sheet for discharge from the machine.

Two paper grippers are used in the preferred embodiment of the machine so that as one paper gripper moves from the receiving station carrying a sheet of transfer material to the delivery station, the other paper gripper will move from the delivery station to the receiving station to be in position to receive a second sheet of transfer material.

Axle 395, which carries a pair of sprockets 302 journaled thereon by means of flanged bearings 312 and positioned axially by suitable thrust washers 313 and collars 311, is movably mounted by means of axle supports 314 pivotally secured by shoulder screws 316 to the extension plates 11 and 12. the axle having flattened recessed ends that are slidably received in slots 315 in the axle supports. Suitable elongated slots are formed in the extension plates to permit longitudinal movement of the axle whereby the tension of the roller chains is adjusted by manipulation of the adjusting screws 317 threaded through the blocks 318 secured to the extension plates.

Gripper actuators 321 and 322 are positioned on the extension plates 11 and 12, respectively, for effecting operation of the paper grippers 42 to receive a sheet of transfer material at the receiving station of the conveyor. A gripper bar support plate 323 is also secured to the extension plates at the sheet-receiving station to limit downward deflection of a paper gripper as a sheet of transfer material is inserted therein, the gripper bar support plate carrying a limit switch SLS used to control the operation of the conveyor as described hereinafter.

Sprockets 313 are journaled by means of flanged bearings 312 on axles 306 and 307, axial alignment of the sprockets being maintained by means of thrust washers 313, collars 311 and by retaining rings 325 positioned in suitable grooves formed in the axles. The axles extend through slots in plates 6 and 7 into suitable openings in axle support blocks 326 attached to the frame plates whereby the axles are positioned and retained by means of screws 317 so that the pitch diameter of the sprockets 313 carried by these axles are positioned in a plane tangential to the xerographic drum.

To guide the trailing edge of a sheet of transfer material carried by a paper gripper, a wire grid 327 is positioned between axle 305 and axle 306, the wire grid being attached at one end to the gripper support plate 323 and at its other end to axle 366.

As a sheet of transfer material is forwarded from the receiving station to the delivery station the portion of the sheet not firmly held by a paper gripper is arched upward into contact with the drum by a guide 328 attached to the guide support bar 331 loosely mounted on axle 306. The guide 328 is formed as a thin flexible member to permit the upper portion of the guide to be deflected by a paper gripper as it pases thereover. The guide support bar is constructed with a bore located above its center so that it will have a pendulous action as loosely mounted on the axle 396.

As the sheet of transfer material is arched toward the drum it is electrostatically tacked onto the drum whereby the transfer material moves synchronously with the drum while in contact therewith.

Axle 308, fastened at its ends in the plates 6 and 7 by screws 316, rotatably carries the second set of sprockets 3tl2 thereon, the sprockets being supported on the axle inboard of the frame plates by flanged bearings 312. The axle 308 also carries a pair of idler roll supports 333 for the idler delivery roller 47 journaled there on by bearings 332. The idler roll supports are spaced apart from the sprockets by collars 33 i, and a paper guide roll, generally designated 335, constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Referring now to the subject matter of the invention, the paper guide roll 335 is used in the sheet conveyor shown to permit the use of a conveyor having a shorter length of travel to be used in the xerographic reproducing apparatus. As previously described the transfer of the xerographic powder image from the xerographic drum to a sheet of transfer material is accomplished by means of an electrostatic field created by a corona discharge device.

In operation, the electrostatic field created by the corona discharge device is eifective to tack the transfer material electrostatically to the drum surface, whereby the transfer material moves synchronously with the drum while in contact therewith. As the paper gripper carrying the sheet of transfer material moves away from the xerographic drum to the delivery station it pulls the speed of the paper grippers.

sheet of transfer material away from the surface of the drum against the electrostatic forces tending to tack the paper to the drum. On a continuous straight line path of the paper gripper the sheet of transfer material would be uniformly pulled away from the surface the drum in a line substantially parallel to the path of travel of the paper gripper. This, of course, would require the use of a conveyor having a straight line run from the drum of a length at least equal to the length of the largest sheet of transfer material to be transported by the conveyor.

To reduce the overall size of the xerographic apparatus, a conveyor is used in the machine which has a straight run from the drum of a length less than the length of the largest sheet to be transported by the conveyor. However, with a conveyor of this size, as seen in FIG. 3, it is apparent that one end or the trailing edge of a relatively long sheet of transfer material could still be in contact with the drum while its leading edge, as carried by the paper gripper, could be traveling around the axle 1W8. It can be readily seen that, without a paper guide roll mounted on the axle 3%, as the paper gripper passes around the axle the length of travel of a sheet of transfer material would be shortened, thereby permitting the trailing edge of the sheet of transfer material to be carried up and around by the tacking action of the transfer material to the drum to a point where the top surface of a sheet of transfer material would contact other elements of the xerographic machine positioned above the conveyor belt. If this is permitted to occur the xerographic powder images, carried by the upper surfaces of the transfer material by electrostatic attraction only, prior to fusing, would be smeared or completely brushed oil as the transfer material contacted these elements.

To overcome this problem and to permit the use of a smaller conveyor assembly, a paper guide roll is used to guide the trailing portion of a sheet of transfer material around the axle at a speed equal to the lineal Since the lineal speed of travel of the paper gripper is equal to the peripheral speed of the xerographic drum, the sheet of transfer material is pulled from the drum at a constant rate whereby it is prevented from being carried around by the drum into contact with other elements positioned adjacent to the drum.

In the preferred embodiment shown, especially in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, the paper guide roll 335, constructed in accordance with the invention, consists of a pair of end spacers 336 and a pair of spacers 337 formed as segments of a circle. A guide plate 338 is secured as by screws 341 to the peripheral surface of these spacers 336 and 337 whereby the guide plate forms an elongated single guide for a sheet of transfer material, the radius of the peripheral surface of the guide being equal to the pitch radius of the sprockets 302 for the purpose to be described hereinafter. The end spacers are provided with bearings 342, so that this assembly of guide plate and spacers is free to rotate with respect to axle 398. The rise of the chord of the spacers is such that the chord surface of each spacer is positioned below the path of travel of the paper gripper bar carried by the chains, or seated in a difierent manner, the rise of the spacers is slightly greater than the distance from the center line of the chain to the bottom of the paper grippers.

The chord portions of the spacers 336 and 337 are yieldingly biased into a position parallel to the straight line path of travel of the roller chains as it approaches axle 3498 by means of a torsion spring 344. The torsion spring which encircles axle 398 is attached at one end to a spring clamp 345 adjustably secured to the axle by screws 346 and at its other end the torsion spring is attached to a counterbalance rod 347 projecting through arcuate slots provided in the spacers and secured in an adjustable position by nuts 34?. A thrust washer 313 1 l encircles the axle between the torsion spring 344 and the left-hand spacer 337 as seen in FIG. 10 to prevent axial expansion of the torsion spring.

Each end spacer 336 is provided with a pin 348 posi tioned on the chord of the spacer in interference relation with the paper grippers in their path of travel, so that, as a paper gripper travels over the chords of the spacers it will contact the pins, as seen in FIG. 12., to rotate the paper guide roll as the paper gripper travels around the axle until the paper gripper slides off the pins as it continues in its path as defined by the travel of the roller chains. Rotation of the paper guide roll around axis of axle 3&8 brings the peripheral surface of the paper guide roll into position, as shown schematically in FIG. 13, to guide the sheet carried by the paper gripper in a path corresponding to the path of travel of the paper gripper around axle 3%.

While the sheet is being pulled at one end by a paper gripper or by the delivery rolls described hereinafter, and held back at its other end by its tacking force onto the drum, the paper guide roll will remain rotated in the position shown in PEG. 13 by the frictional contact of the sheet as it moves thereover, it being understood that the biasing action of the torsion spring should be such that it will rotate the paper guide roll to its normal positions as shown in FIG. 12 while still permitting the paper guide roll to be rotated against the biasing action of this spring by a paper gripper and to be held rotated in this position by the frictional contact of sheet as it is pulled tight around the paper guide roll.

As the trailing edge of a sheet is pulled off the drum, the sheet is no longer pulled tight over the peripheral surface of the paper guide roll permitting it to be returned to its normal position by the biasing action of torsion spring 344.

When the paper gripper advances from the paper guide roll 335 it travels between the delivery rollers 47 and 4-8 to a position intermediate the delivery rollers and the rive shaft 39% where the paper gripper is actuated by cams 394 to release the sheet for discharge from the machine by the delivery rollers.

Delivery roller 43, which is a driven roller, is secured to shaft 351 suitably journaled in frame plates 6 and 7 and is driven by sprockets 352 secured to the end of the shaft 351 between frame plates 5 and 6.

Delivery roller 47, which is an idler roller, is journaled at its ends in idler roll supports 333 rotatably supported on axle 3%, the delivery roller 47 being yieldingly biased against the delivery roller 48 by means of springs 353 mounted on frame plates 6 and 7 so that the delivery roller 47 is driven by frictional engagement of rubber O-rings 354 mounted thereon with delivery roller 48 or with a sheet of material interposed between said rollers. The springs 353 permit the delivery roller 47 to be forced away from delivery roller 48 as it is contacted by a paper gripper 42 to permit the paper gripper to pass between this set of rollers.

The roller chains carrying the paper grippers are driven by the drive sprockets secured to drive shaft 369 rotatably journaled in frame plates 5, 6 and 7. Drive shaft 3&9 is maintained in axial alignment at one end by a collar 311 and thrust washer 313, and at its other end by thrust washer 313 and retaining ring 325, the latter being inserted in a suitable groove formed in the drive shaft. Drive shaft 3%; is driven by sprocket 355 through a conventional magnetic clutch SC-Z for example, a model C-6O clutch manufactured by Simplatrol Products Corp, Massachusetts. The magnetic clutch includes two clutch plates 357 and 358.

Clutch plate 357 is secured to the drive shaft 399 for rotation therewith by key 361 and screws 316 threaded in the hub of clutch plate 357, while clutch plate 358 is journaled by suitable bearings on the drive shaft and carries a clutch adapter 353 supporting sprocket 355 driven by chain from a suitable drive mechanism described 12 hereinafter. Thus, clutch plate 358 is free to rotate about the axis of the drive shaft while clutch plate 357 remains stationary due to the friction of the elements attached thereto.

The magnetic clutch is connected to a suitable source of power, as described hereinafter, through brushes 365 bearing on suitable collector rings on clutch plate 353, the brushes being secured to and insulated from the frame plate 6 by brackets 367.

Although any suitable paper gripper may be used to grip the sheets of transfer material to permit them to be transferred through the xerographic apparatus, the paper grippers 42 used are of the type disclosed in copending application, Serial No. 46,462, filed concurrently herewith on August 1, 1960, in the name of Hunt et al. The two paper grippers are of like construction and for simplicity the following description relates only to one set.

As shown in detail in FIGS. 15 to 21, inclusive, the paper gripper 42 consists of a gripper bar housing, in which a right-hand gripper bar 374 and a left-hand gripper bar 375 are positioned within the housing to coact with a portion of the housing to grip a sheet of transfer material.

The gripper bar housing includes a bottom panel 376 and a top panel 377 held together in spaced parallel relation to each other as by screws 3'78 threaded into center spacer 381 and end spacers 382 secured as by welding to the bottom panel and top panel, respectively.

The bottom panel which is of a length to extend transversely between the two roller chains has up-turned end extensions 383 with suitable apertures formed therein to coincide with the pitch of the chains whereby the bottom panel is adapted to be attached to the chains by means of elongated chain pins 384 of the roller chains. The bottom panel which is substantially U-shaped has a longi tudinal rear lip 385 (in terms of the direction of chain travel) which is of a length greater than the length of the leading edge of a sheet of transfer material on which xerographic powder images are to be transferred. The bottom panel has an aperture 389 in the center thereof to receive the actuator lever of the limit switch SLS whereby it may be actuated upon the insert of a sheet of transfer material into the paper gripper.

The right-hand lever 386 which is pivotally supported near its center by the lever pivot pin 383 on the right-hand side of the gripper assembly is also pivotally secured near one end to the right-hand gripper bar by a dowel pin 391 held in place by the top and bottom panels. The other end of this lever extends beyond the right-hand end of the gripper bar housing and is suitably formed to extend above the unturned end of the bottom panel whereby it may be actuated by cam 32.2 or earn 394 to effect movement of the right-hand gripper bar away from the turnedup lip of the bottom panel.

The left-hand lever 387 which is pivotally supported near its center in a similar manner to the right-hand lever by a lever pivot pin 388, is also pivotally secured near one end to the left-hand gripper bar by a second dowel 391. The other end of the left-hand lever extends beyond the left-hand end of the gripper bar housing to be actuated by cam 321 or cam 394 to effect movement of the left-hand gripper bar away from the turnedup lip of the bottom panel.

The right-hand gripper bar and the left-hand gripper bar cooperate with the lip of the bottom panel to grip a sheet of transfer material inserted therebetween to enable the sheet of transfer material to be transported to the machine, these gripper bars being normally biased toward the lip of the bottom panel by means of a leaf spring 392 having its center portion positioned between the spacer 331 and the front turned-up edge of the bottom panel, one end of the spring contacting the right-hand lever and the opposite end of the spring contacting the left-hand lever to bias the gripper bars against the lip, or against the lip of the bottom panel with a sheet of transfer material interposed therebetween.

The right-hand lever and the left-hand lever of the gripper bar when actuated by the cams are pivoted around the pivot pin 338 to force the gripper bars toward the front of the gripper bar housing against the tension of spring 392, a pair of stops 393 being positioned to limit the for ward travel of the gripper bars against the pivot pins each of the gripper bars is formed with a suitable notch 395 to permit the gripper bars to slide relative to the gripper pins.

In the preferred embodiment of the apparatus disclosed, the drum 20, the scan mechanism of the optical projector 22, and the sheet conveyor 41 including the delivery roller 48 are all driven by a main drive motor MOT-6 through a first and second speed reduction mechanism whereby these elements are driven at predetermined speed relative to each other.

Shaft 85, of the first speed reduction unit, is journaled in frame plates and 6 and operatively connected to motor MOT-6 by belt 86, which runs on pulleys 87 and 88 fixedly mounted on shaft 85 and on the shaft 89 of MOT-6, respectively; the motor shaft 89 extending through a suitable aperture in frame plate 6 to which the motor MOT6 is adjustably secured.

Shaft 91, of the second speed reduction unit, is also journaled in frame plates 5 and 6 and is operatively connected to shaft 85 by belt 92, which runs on pulley 93 fixedly mounted on shaft 91 and on shaft 85 which has an undercut portion thereon serving as a pulley. Tension on belt 92 is maintained by idler 94 adjustably secured to frame plate 5.

Shaft 91 also has secured thereon pulley 95 which is connected by belt 96 to the drum drive pulley 77 fixedly secured on drum drive shaft 73, belt tension being maintained by idler 97 adjustably secured to frame plate 5. Sprocket 98 also fixedly connected to shaft 91 is used to drive the delivery roller 48 and the sheet conveyor by means of chain 364, the chain traveling from sprocket 98 over to and around sprocket 352 on delivery roller shaft 351, back over sprocket 355 secured to clutch plate 358, down and around idler sprocket 99 adjustably secured to frame plate 6 and back up to sprocket 98.

The optical scan mechanism is driven by means of belt 186 connecting the optical drive pulley 185 to the pulley 78 fixedly mounted on shaft 175 and drum drive shaft 73, respectively, the belt 186 being properly tensioned on these pulleys by idler pulley 94 adjustably secured to frame plate 6.

The various electrical elements of the apparatus described are connected in a suitable electrical circuit to effect the Xerographic process, the sheet conveyor being operated in timed relation to the speed of the xerographic plate. For a detailed description of a preferred electrical control circuit for the Xerographic apparatus, reference is made to the previously reference copending Hunt et al. application, Serial No. 46,463.

Although the paper guide roll of the invention has been described with reference to its use in a xerographic apparatus, it is apparentv that it can also be used in other types of apparatus wherein a conveyor is used and it is desired to transport a sheet of material at a uniform rate of travel.

While the invention has been described with reference to the structure of a preferred embodiment disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth, and this application is intended to cover such modification or changes as may come within the purposes of the improvements or the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A sheet feed conveyor mechanism including a pair of endless chains mounted on parallel pairs of sprockets and a sheet gripper mechanism mounted on said endless chains,

said gripper mechanism adapted to carry sheet material through a path of movement a portion of which passes around a pair of sprockets,

a sheet guide roll pivotally mounted between said pair of sprockets for maintaining sheet material in a path of movement substantially coincident with the pitch circle of said sprockets as said gripper mechanism passes around said sprockets,

said guide roll including an arcuate portion and a flat portion,

said arcuate portion having a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of the pitch circle of said pair of sprockets,

said flat portion normally positioned to accommodate the gripper mechanism during passage around said pair of sprockets,

and means to effect rotation of said guide roll to a position wherein said arcuate portion is in the path of movement of sheet material, said path of movement being coincident with the pitch circle of said pair of sprockets during passage of sheet material around said sprockets.

2. In a sheet conveyor of the type comprising two endless chains, pairs of sprocket wheels for supporting the chains to travel in unison in two spaced parallel planes, and at least one rearwardly facing sheet gripper attached to the chains in a line perpendicular to the path of travel of the chains, the improvement comprising a paper guide roll including a segmented roll journaled for rotation about the axis of one pair of said sprocket wheels, said segmented roll having a peripheral surface portion the radius of which is equal to the radius of the path of travel of said paper gripper about said one pair of said sprocket wheels and a chord portion, the rise of which is such that said paper gripper may travel over said chord portion out of interference contact therewith, means secured to said chord portion of said segmented roll in interference relation with the path of travel of said paper gripper whereby said paper guide roll is rotated by said paper gripper as it passes thereover, and spring means connected to said segmented roll for normally biasing said paper guide roll into an angular position whereat said chord portion of said paper guide roll lies in a plane parallel with the straight line path of travel of said paper gripper as it moves toward said paper guide roll.

3. In a sheet conveyor of the type comprising two endless chains, pairs of sprocket wheels for supporting the chains to travel in unison in two spaced parallel planes, and at least one rearwardly facing sheet gripper attached to the chains in a line perpendicular to the path of travel of the chains, the improvement comprising a paper guide roll including a roll, in the shape of an elongated D journaled about the axis of one pair of said sprocket wheels, said roll having a peripheral surface the radius of which is equal to the radius of the path of travel of said paper gripper about said one pair of said sprocket wheels and a chord portion of such dimension to pennit said paper gripper to pass out of contact therewith, means secured to said chord portion of said roll in interference relation with the path of travel of said paper gripper whereby said roll is rotated by said paper gripper as it passes thereover, to bring the peripheral surface of said roll into position to guide a sheet of material carried by said sheet gripper, and spring means connected to said roll for normally biasing said roll into an angular position whereat said chord portion of said paper guide roll lies in a plane parallel with the straight line path of travel of said paper gripper as it moves toward said paper guide roll.

4. A sheet conveyor of the type including two endless chains, pairs of sprocket wheels journaled for rotation to support the chains to travel in unison in two spaced parallel planes, at least one rearwardly facing sheet gripper, said sheet gripper including means for gripping the leading edge of a sheet material, said paper gripper being attached to said chains in a line perpendicular to the 15 path of travel of said chains with said means for gripping a sheet material positioned to travel in a path equal to the path of travel of the pitch line of said chains and around said pairs of sprockets in a path equal to the pitch line of said sprockets, a paper guide roll including a segmented roll journaled for rotation about the axis of one pair of said sprocket Wheels, said segmented roll having a peripheral surface with a radiu equal to the pitch line radius of said one pair of said sprocket wheels, and a chord portion the rise of which is slightly greater than the distance from the pitch line of said chains to the bottom of said paper gripper whereby said paper gripper may travel ove the chord portion of said segmented roll out of interference contact therewith, means secured to said chord portion in interference relation with the path of movement of said paper gripper as it passes thereover whereby said guide roll is rotated by said paper gripper, and spring means connected to said segmented roll for normally biasing the chord portion of said segmented roll into position Where its chord portion lies in a path parallel to the path of travel of said paper gripper as it advance toward said paper guide roll.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,198,385 Harrold Apr. 23, 1940 2,392,291 Kaddeland Jan, 8, 1946 2,775,934 Luchrs Ian. 1, 1957 2,949,297 Bobst Aug. 16, 1960 

